目录
Content
Chapter_1
Chapter_1
不定式的全称是“动词不定式”，是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。 动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to＋动词原形构成，但它还是属于动词，所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
不定式的定义
动词不定式的概念： 动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语 、宾语、表语、定语和状语。 动词不定式的构成与形式： 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。 动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下： 时态 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 （not）to do （not）to be done
完成式 （not）to have done （not）to have been done
进行式 （not）to be doing
完成进行式 （not）to have been doing
　1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.　我希望再见到你。 2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行时： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
编辑本段一、作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式 　afford　aim　appear　agree　arrange　ask　be　decide　bother　care　choose　come　dare　demand　desire　determine　expect　elect　endeavor　hope　fail　happen　help　hesitate　learn　long　mean　manage　offer　ought　plan　prepare　pretend　promise　refuse　seem　tend　wait　wish　undertake 举例：　 The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢你能使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom.　我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom.　我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3）动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
编辑本段二、作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) 　advise　allow　appoint　believe　cause　challenge　command　compel　consider　declare　drive　enable　encourage　find　forbid　force　guess　hire　imagine　impel　induce　inform　instruct　invite　judge　know　like　order　permit　persuade　remind　report　request　require　select　send　state　suppose　tell　think　train　trust　understand　urge　warn　 例句： a.　Father will not allow us to play on the street.　 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b.　We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 Find 的特殊用法： Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。 I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. 典型例题: The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.　 A. lying　B. lie　C. lay　D. laying　 答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。 Acknowledge,　believe,　consider,　think,　declare(声称),　discover, fancy(设想),　feel　find,　guess,　judge,　imagine,　know,　prove,　see(理解), show,　suppose,　take(以为),　understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 典型例题 Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.　 A. to invent　B. inventing　C. to have invented　D. having invented　 答案：A. 由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。 3) to be +形容词 Seem,　appear,　be said,　be supposed,　be believed,　be thought,　be known,　be reported,　hope, wish,　desire,　want,　plan,　expect,　mean… The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。 4)　there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher.　我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her father .　玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
编辑本段三、作主语
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy,　difficult,　hard,　important,　possible,　impossible,　comfortable,　necessary,　better;　 the first,　the next,　the last,　the best,　too much,　too little,　not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of him to help us.　他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind,　nice,　stupid,　rude,　clever,　foolish,　thoughtful,　thoughtless,　brave,　considerate(考虑周到的),　silly,　selfish(自私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him.　我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意： 1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型。 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe.　百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see.
编辑本段四、作表语
不定式可放在系动词（例如be动词）后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor.
编辑本段五、作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如： I have a lot of work to do.　 So he made some candles to give light.
编辑本段六、作状语
1）目的状语　 To… only to (仅仅为了),　in order to,　so as to,　so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 　What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3)　表原因 I'm glad to see you. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.　 A. sit　B. sit on　C. be seat　D. be sat on 答案：B.　如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
编辑本段七、省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)： 2） 使役动词 let, have, make： 3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. 4） would rather，had better： 5） Why… / why not…： 6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth： 7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。 8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：　 He is supposed (to be) nice.　他应该是个好人。 10）but作介词，后接不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时，but后的不定式要省去to，否则要带to。　 He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 11）当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。 He wants to move to France and marry the girl. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult. 12）不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。 We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home. 举例： He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 典型例题 1)—I usually go there by train.　 —Why not ___ by boat for a change?　 A. to try going　B.　trying to go　C.　to try and go　D.　try going　 答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。 2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.　 A. learn　B. to learn　C. learned　D. learning 答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动