ECMWF（欧洲中期天气预报中心）提供多种类型的天气数据集，包括数值天气预报（NWP）、再分析数据（Reanalysis）和气候数据等。作为一个研究机构和全天候运营的服务机构，ECMWF为其成员国、合作国家以及更广泛的社区提供全球数值天气预报和其他数据。ECMWF拥有世界一流的超级计算机设施，用于天气预报，并维护着全球最大的气象数据档案之一。此外，ECMWF在提供高级培训、协助世界气象组织（WMO）实施其计划方面发挥着重要作用。作为欧盟空间计划“哥白尼计划”的重要组成部分，ECMWF在气候变化（哥白尼气候变化服务）、大气成分（哥白尼大气监测服务）以及洪水与火灾风险（哥白尼应急管理服务）等领域提供高质量的信息。通过欧盟的“Destination Earth”计划，ECMWF正在开发地球的数字孪生原型。以下是ECMWF提供的主要数据集：

1. ​HRES（高分辨率预报）​

   • ​时效：​ 最多10天
   • ​分辨率：​ 全球0.1°（≈9公里）
   • ​时间间隔：​ 1小时/3小时
   • ​变量：​ 温度、风速、气压、降水、湿度等

2. ​ENS（集合预报）​

   • ​时效：​ 最多15天（控制成员）；32-46天（延伸预报）
   • ​分辨率：​ 约18公里（短期），36公里（长期）
   • ​特点：​ 提供50个不同的预报成员，用于评估不确定性

3. ​ERA5（第五代再分析数据）​

   • ​时效：​ 1950年至今
   • ​分辨率：​ 0.25°（≈31公里）
   • ​时间间隔：​ 逐小时
   • ​特点：​ 结合观测数据和模式重分析，用于气候研究

4. ​ERA5-Land（高分辨率陆地数据）​

   • ​时效：​ 1981年至今
   • ​分辨率：​ 0.1°（≈9公里）
   • ​特点：​ 提供更精细的陆地变量，如土壤湿度、蒸散发

该数据集包含中国某地区2025年1月13日全天数据（GRIB格式）。

​English Version Introduction

ECMWF (the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) provides various types of weather datasets, including Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), Reanalysis data, and Climate data, among others. As both a research institute and a 24/7 operational service, ECMWF produces global numerical weather predictions and other data for its Member and Co-operating States as well as the broader community. Operating a world-class supercomputer facility for weather forecasting and maintaining one of the largest meteorological data archives, ECMWF plays a key role in delivering advanced training and assisting the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in implementing its programmes. Additionally, ECMWF is a major contributor to Copernicus, the Earth Observation component of the European Union’s Space programme, offering quality-assured information on climate change (Copernicus Climate Change Service), atmospheric composition (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), and emergency management such as flooding and fire danger (Copernicus Emergency Management Service). Through the EU's Destination Earth initiative, ECMWF is also developing prototype digital twins of the Earth. Below are several major datasets provided by ECMWF:

1. ​HRES (High-Resolution Forecast)

   • ​Forecast Range: Up to 10 days
   • ​Resolution: Global 0.1° (≈9 km)
   • ​Time Interval: 1 hour / 3 hours
   • ​Variables: Temperature, wind speed, pressure, precipitation, humidity, etc.

2. ​ENS (Ensemble Forecasts)

   • ​Forecast Range: Up to 15 days (control member); 32-46 days (extended forecast)
   • ​Resolution: ≈18 km (short-term), 36 km (long-term)
   • ​Features: Provides 50 different forecast members to assess uncertainty

3. ​ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5)

   • ​Time Range: 1950 to present
   • ​Resolution: 0.25° (≈31 km)
   • ​Time Interval: Hourly
   • ​Features: Combines observational data and model reanalysis, used for climate research

4. ​ERA5-Land (High-Resolution Land Data)

   • ​Time Range: 1981 to present
   • ​Resolution: 0.1° (≈9 km)
   • ​Features: Provides more detailed land variables, such as soil moisture and evapotranspiration

This dataset contains the full-day data (in GRIB format) for a specific region in China on January 13, 2025.